Table 1 Study characteristics
Study | Analytic sample size | Age in years: 1Mean and/or range | Sex/gender | Country | Indicator(s) of health | Type of Study | MVPA Measure | LPA Measure | SB Measure | SL Measure | What parts was the day partitioned into? | CoDA Associations Examined |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asano et al. [96] | 113 | 75.2 (4.6) | 40.7% female | Japan | Phase angle | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Bezerra et al. [97] | 123 | 55.2 (9.2) months | 50.4% female | Brazil | Executive function | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Bianchim et al. [98] | Children: 86; Adults: 43 | Children: 13.6 (2.8); Adults: 24.6 (4.7) | Total: 48% female; Child: 47% female; Adults: 48% female | Australia, South Wales | FEV1% | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Biddle et al. [99] | 435 | 66.9 (7.4) | 61.7% male | UK | Glucose regulation, Insulin sensitivity | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SL; Sitting; Standing; Stepping | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Blodgett et al. [100] | 4738 | 46 | 52.3% female | England, Scotland, Wales | Depression | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Blodgett et al. [101] | 15,253 | 53.7 (9.7) | 54.7% female | Netherlands, UK, Australia, Denmark, Finland | BMI, Waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, Total: HDL cholesterol ratio, Triglycerides, HbA1c | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA; Standing | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Booker et al. [60] | 2805 | 60.7 (11.7) | 62% female | USA | High-sensitivity c-reactive protein | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Other: Computed from the subtraction of time spent in PA and sleep from 1440 min | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; Lying down; Total PA | 1-to-1 ISM |
Brakenridge et al. [61] | 648 | Low risk: 56.0 (9.8); High risk: 60.2 (9.3) | Lower Diabetes Risk: 52.7% female; Higher Diabetes Risk: 60.7% female | Australia | Glycaemic measures (HbA1c, FPG, 2hPLG) | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based; Questionnaire (self-reported) | SL; Sitting; Standing; Stepping | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Brayton et al. [64] | 33 | 15.8 (1.2) | 52% female | USA | Concussion recovery | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual |
Cabanas-Sánchez et al. [102] | X: 2,489; L: 1,679 | X: 71.7 (4.3) L: 71.4 (4.2) | X: 53.1% female; L: 51.7% female | Spain | Depression, Loneliness, Happiness, Global mental health | Cross-sectional; Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Carson et al. [103] | 4169 | 11.4 (0.1) | 51.3% male | Canada | BMI, Waist circumference, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Behavioral strengths and difficulties, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, C-reactive protein, Insulin, Aerobic fitness | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported); Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Carson et al. [104] | 552 | 3.5 (0.0) | 49.2% female | Canada | Waist circumference, BMIz | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual |
Chao et al. [105] | 1475 | 20.7 (1.6) | 68.0% female | China | Anxiety symptoms | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Chastin et al. [54] | 130,239 | ABC: 52.8 NHANES 2003–2006: 63.6 REGARDS: 63.4 UK Biobank: 62.3 Whitehall II: 69.4 Women's Health Study: 72.0 | ABC: 44% female NHANES 2003–2006: 49.3% female REGARDS: 54% female UK Biobank: 56.2% female Whitehall II: 25.9% female Women's Health Study: 100% female | Sweden, USA, UK | All-cause mortality | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based; Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Chen et al. [62] | 8045 | 2018: 3.8 (1.3) 2019: 3.8 (1.3) 2020: 3.9 (1.3) 2021: 3.8 (1.3) | 2018: 51.3% female 2019: 48.6% female 2020: 50.0% female 2021: 51.1% female | Singapore | Quality of life | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | SB; SL; Total PA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM | |
Chen et al. [106] | 389 | 11.9 (2.1) | 50.1% female | China | BMI | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Chong et al. [107] | X: 127 L: 88 | X: 11.7 (0.5) L: 11.8 (0.4) | Cross-sectional: 57.5% female Longitudinal: 59.1% female | Australia | Psychosocial health: Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total difficulties, Prosocial behavior, Psychological distress | Cross-sectional; Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual |
Chong et al. [108] | 909 | 10.4 (0.5) | 53.1% female | Australia | Psychosocial health: Emotional symptoms, Conduct problems, Hyperactivity, Peer relationship problems, Prosocial behavior | Longitudinal | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Screen time; SL; Other: Self-care/ Domestic activities, PA, Social, Education, Recreational screen use, Quiet time, Passive transport | Overall; Individual; Proportional ISM |
Clarke et al. [109] | 2838 | 46.4 | 51.8% female | USA | Mortality | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Collings et al. [110]a | 1046 | 51.2 (12.2) | 53.5% female | Luxembourg | Waist circumference, Total body fat, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Fasting glucose, Triglycerides, HDL-c, Fasting insulin, APoB/A, Cardiometabolic risk score | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Collings et al. [111]a | 1001 | 50.6 (12.2) | 53.4% female | Luxembourg | Arterial stiffness | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | 1-to-1 ISM |
Curtis et al. [112] | 430 | 41.3 (11.7) | 74% female | Australia | BMI, HRQoL, Anxiety, Depression, Stress | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Curtis et al. [113] | 322 | 40.4 (5.9) | 58.1% female | Australia | Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | 1-to-1 ISM |
de Faria et al. [114] | 217 | 16.0 | 49.4% female | Brazil | Symptoms of depression and anxiety | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Del Pozo Cruz et al. [115] | 3233 | 47.4 (19.5) | 52.1% female | USA | Depressive symptoms | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Domingues et al. [116] | 185 | 16.0 (1.0) | 49.2% female | Brazil | BMIz | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Dumuid et al. [117] | 1728 | 9–11 | 56% female | Australia, Canada, UK, Finland | Body fat % | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | 1-to-1 ISM |
Dumuid et al. [118] | 122 | 65.4 (2.9) | 61% female | Australia | Cardio-respiratory fitness (VO2max), BMI, Total cholesterol; Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic); Fasting blood glucose; Waist-to-hip ratio | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Dumuid et al. [119] | 5855 | 9–11 | 45% female | Australia, England, Canada, Finland, Portugal, USA, Brazil, Colombia, China, India, South Africa, Kenya | HRQoL | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; Proportional ISM |
Dumuid et al. [120] | 971 | 11.9 (0.4) | 50% female | Australia | Body composition | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Dumuid et al. [121] | 804 | 11.9 (0.4) | 49.6% female | Australia | Bone density, Bone geometry, Bone strength | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; Goldilocks |
Dumuid et al. [122] | 1182–1137 | 12 (0.4) | 49% female | Australia | Fitness, Adiposity | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Goldilocks |
Dumuid et al. [123] | 82 | APOE E4 non-carrier: 65.1 (7.7) APOE E4 carrier: 67.1 (7.1) | APOE E4 non carrier: 58% female APOE E4 carrier: 64% female | Australia | Cognitive function | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Proportional ISM |
Dumuid et al. [35] | 2123 | 14.4 (0.5) | 50% female | Australia | Physical functioning | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Screen time; SL; Other: Self-Care, School-Related, Quiet Time, PA, Domestic/Social Activities | Overall; Many Different Roads | |
Fairclough et al. [124] | 169 | 10.3 (0.3) | 50.3% female | England | BMI, Percentage of waist circumference-to-height ratio, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Fairclough et al. [125] | 359 | 11.5 (1.4) | 50.7% female | England | Self-esteem, Depression, Emotional and behavioral problems, Executive function | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Fairclough et al. [65] | 301 | 11.1 (1.6) | 60.1% female | England | Mental health | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MPA; VPA | Overall; Individual; Goldilocks |
Farrahi et al. [126] | 3443 | 46.6 (0.5) | 55.5% female | Finland | Cardiometabolic health markers: Plasma glucose, Serum insulin, Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Triglycerides | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Feter et al. [127] | 8608 | 58.9 (8.6) | 55.9% female | Brazil | Cognitive function | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Franssen et al. [128] | 61 | 33.6 (10.7) | 33% female | Belgium | Cardiovascular health: Systolic and diastolic BP, Mean arterial pressure, Resting heart rate, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Triglycerides, Clustered cardiometabolic risk score; Glucose tolerance: Fasting glucose, Fasting insulin, glucose 120 min, Insulin 120 min, Matsuda index, Insulinogenic index, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity, Muscle insulin sensitivity index; Waist circumference, Fat mass percentage, Cardiorespiratory fitness | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA; Standing | Individual |
Gupta et al. [129] | 827 | 45 (10) | 46% female | Denmark | Blood pressure | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; Proportional ISM |
Gupta et al. [130] | 669 | 45.1 (9.9) | 45% female | Denmark | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Proportional ISM |
Gupta et al. [131] | 929 | 44.9 (9.7) | 45% female | Denmark | Long-term sickness absence | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA; Standing | Overall; Individual; Proportional ISM |
Gupta et al. [132] | 807 | 45.1 (9.7) | 54.4% male | Denmark | Obesity: Waist circumference, BMI, Fat % | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA; Standing | Other: Latent profile analysis |
Healy et al. [53] | 28 | 13.7 (3.0) | 76.7% male | USA | BMI | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Hofman et al. [133] | 1943 | 70.9 (9.3) | 51.6% female | Netherlands | Depressive symptoms, Anxiety symptoms | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | 1-to-1 ISM |
Hyodo et al. [56] | 76 | 75.8 | 63% female | Japan | Executive function | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Kandola et al. [134] | 60,235 | 55.9 (7.7) | 56% female | England, Scotland, Wales | Depressive symptoms, Anxiety symptoms | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Kastelic et al. [135] | 2333 | 18–44; 45–64; 65+ | 74% female | Slovenia | Lower back pain frequency, Lower back pain intensity | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Kim et al. [59] | 1247 | 50.1 (12.5) | 57.3% female | USA | BMI | Cross-sectional | Device-based; Questionnaire (self-reported) | Device-based; Questionnaire (self-reported) | Device-based; Questionnaire (self-reported) | Device-based; Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Kitano et al. [136] | 1095 | 50.2 (9.5) | 68.6% female | Japan | Psychological distress | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Kuzik et al. [137] | 95 | 45 (0.7) | 30.5% female | Canada | Physical development: Motor skills, Adiposity, Growth; Cognitive development: Response inhibition, Visual-spatial working memory, language; Social-emotional development: Sociability, Externalizing problems, internalizing problems, Prosocial behaviour, Cognitive self-regulation, Emotional self-regulation, Behavioural self-regulation | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Larisch et al. [138] | 348–370 | 41 (9) | 68% female | Sweden | Depression, Anxiety, Wellbeing | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Lau et al. [139] | 426 | 3.8 (0.6) | 45.8% female | China | Executive function | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Le et al. [140] | 361 | 22.6 (5.3) | 72.5% female | Australia | Daily affect | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA; Other: Time awake in bed | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Lee et al. [141] | 136 | 73 (2) | 100% female | USA | Metabolic syndrome | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Lemos et al. [142] | 270 | 4.0 (0.8) | 51% female | Brazil | Physical fitness: Cardiorespiratory fitness, Speed-agility, Lower body muscular strength | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Lewthwaite et al. [63] | 95 | 70.5 (6.8) | 37% female | Australia | Breathlessness, Anxiety and depressive symptoms, HRQoL | Longitudinal | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Lin et al. [143] | 2375 | 20 | 50% female | USA | Depressive symptoms | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual |
Lu et al. [144] | 135 | 4.6 (0.5) | 49.63% male | China | Executive function | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Lund Rasmussen et al. [145] | 659 | 13.9 (2.8) | 48.5% female | Czech Republic | BMI, Adiposity | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Goldilocks |
Madden et al. [146] | 54 | 71.4 (0.6) | 56% female | Canada | Waist circumference, Triglycerides, HDL, Systolic blood pressure, Fasting glucose, Continuous metabolic syndrome risk score | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual |
Marshall et al. [147] | 37 | 11.9 (1.6) | 57% male | Wales | Anthropometrics, Arterial stiffness, Cardiac autonomic activity | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Marshall et al. [148] | 101 | 12.4 (1.6) | 45% female | Wales | Arterial stiffness | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Matricciani et al. [149] | Children:1073; Adults: 1378 | Children: 12.0 (0.4) Parents: 44.0 (5.1) | Children: 50% males Parents: 13% males | Australia | BMI, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Metabolic syndrome severity score, Glycoprotein acetyls, Apolipoprotein B/A1 | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
McGee et al. [150] | 119 | 5.7 (0.2) | 47% female | Canada | Body composition | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
McGregor et al. [151] | 7776 | Adults: 41.3 (0.2) Older Adults: 69.3 (0.3) | Adults: 50.4% male Older Adults: 47.6% male | Canada | BMI, Waist circumference, Aerobic fitness, Resting heart rate, HDL cholesterol, Triglycerides, Blood glucose, Insulin levels | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual |
McGregor et al. [152] | 1468 | 63.1 (0.2) | 48.3% female | USA | Mortality | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Mellow et al. [153] | 384 | 65.5 (3.0) | 68.5% female | Australia | Cognitive function | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual |
Mellow et al. [154] | 378 | 65.6 (3.0) | 67.5% female | Australia | Cognitive function: Long-term memory, Executive function, Processing speed; Brain gray matter: Total, lateral ventricle, bilateral frontal lobe, bilateral temporal lobe and bilateral hippocampus volumes | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Migueles et al. [155] | 93 | 10 (1) | 40% female | Spain | Gray matter volume (left and right hippocampus) | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Migueles et al. [156] | X: 315; L: 201 | 4.5 (0.1), 9.6 (0.1) | N/R | Sweden | Body composition, BMI, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Motor skills, Muscular fitness | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual |
Mitchell et al. [157] | 4481 | 47 (0.6) | 52% female | England, Scotland, Wales | Cognition | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Mota et al. [158] | 204 | 4.5 (0.8) | 50.5% female | Brazil | Fundamental movement skills | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (proxy-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Murray et al. [159] | 770 | 20.4 (0.7) | 55% female | Canada | Depressive symptoms, Self-rated mental health | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Ng et al. [160] | 1,179 | 12.0 (0.4) | 49% female | Australia | Adiposity, HRQoL | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Niemelä et al. [161] | 4147 | 53 | 58% female | Finland | Major adverse cardiac events | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Olds et al. [58] | 105 | 62.3 (4.3) | 51.4% female | Australia | Mental health: Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Well-being, Life satisfaction, Self-esteem | Longitudinal | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Screen time; SL; Other: Transport, Work, PA, Chores, Self-care, Quiet time, Social/Domestic Activities | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Oviedo-Caro et al. [162] | 130 | 32.8 (4.5) | 100% female | Spain | Adiposity, Cardiorespiratory fitness | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Pina et al. [163] | Scotland: 150; South Africa: 138 | 60–85 | 78% & 82% female | Scotland, South Africa | Musculoskeletal health: Muscle strength, Muscle mass, Physical performance, and Bone mineral density | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual |
Powell et al. [164] | 366 | 4.6 (5.3) | 46% female | Ireland | Cardiometabolic health markers | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA; Standing | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Rees-Punia et al. [165] | 549 | 30–65 | 58% female | USA | Weight change | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MPA; VPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Runacres et al. [166] | 176 | 13.8 (1.8) | 47.7% female | UK | Aerobic fitness (VO2 max) | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MPA; VPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Sampasa-Kanyinga et al. [57] | 14,620 | 14.9 (1.2) | 65.1% female | Canada | Depressive symptoms | Longitudinal | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Screen time; SL; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM | |
Sandborg et al. [167] | X: 273 L: 242 | 31 (4) | 100% female | Sweden | Cardiometabolic health, Body composition | Cross-sectional; Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Segura-Jiménez et al. [168] | 296 | 12.8 (2.4) | 49% female | Spain | Inflammatory markers: CRP, C3, C4, Leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, Adiponectin | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | 1-to-1 ISM |
Smith et al. [169] | 258 | 9.7 (0.5) | 48.4% male | Iran, England | Fundamental movement skills | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Smith et al. [170] | 34 | 66.9 (4.5) | 56% male | Australia | Neuroplasticity | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual |
St Laurent et al. [171] | 388 | 51.5 (9.5) months | 44.6% female | USA | Cognition, Social-emotional health | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Goldilocks |
Su et al. [172] | 1475 | 20.7 (1.60) | 68% female | China | Depression symptoms | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Suorsa et al. [173] | 213 | 63.5 (1.1) | 82% female | Finland | BMI, Waist circumference | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Swindell et al. [174] | 1462 | 52.8 (11.1) | 66% female | Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, UK, Spain, Bulgaria, Australia, New Zealand | Cardiometabolic risk factors: BMI, Waist circumference, Body fat %, Triglycerides, Glucose fasting, Glucose 2 h, Insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL-C, LDL-C, Total cholesterol, hs-CRP, HbA1c, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; 1-to-1 ISM |
Talarico et al. [175] | 434 | 10–13 | 50.2% female | Canada | BMIz, Waist circumference, Log fat mass index | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; Proportional ISM |
Tan et al. [176] | 370 | 8–10 | 50.5% female | Singapore | HRQoL | Cross-sectional; Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Taylor et al. [55] | 380 | 1, 2, 3.5, 5 | 48.5, 43.7, 46.3, and 49.2% female | New Zealand | Body composition, Bone health | Cross-sectional; Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Individual; Proportional ISM |
Taylor et al. [177] | 690 | 7.9 (1.1) | 51.5% female | New Zealand | BMI | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA; Other: WASO | Proportional ISM |
Taylor et al. [178] | 392 | 3.5, 5 | 50% female | New Zealand | Psychosocial and mental health | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Proportional ISM |
Tyler et al. [179] | 359 | 11.5 (1.4) | 49.3% male | England | Motor competence | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Vanderlinden et al. [180] | 410 | 71.3 (6.3) | 71% female | Belgium | Mental well-being | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |
Verhoog et al. [181] | 1934 | 70.9 (9.3) | 51.5% female | Netherlands | HRQoL | Cross-sectional | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | 1-to-1 ISM |
Walmsley et al. [182] | 87498 | 40–79 | 58% female | UK | Cardiovascular disease | Longitudinal | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | Device-based | SB; SL; LPA; MVPA | 1-to-1 ISM; Proportional ISM |
Wang et al. [183] | 437 | 20.1 (1.7) | 51.7% female | China | Depression, Anxiety, Stress | Longitudinal | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | Questionnaire (self-reported) | SB; Screen time; SL; LPA; MVPA | Overall; Individual; 1-to-1 ISM |